PPT – Root Cause Analysis Power. Point presentation . Whether your application is business, how- to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, Power.

Show. com is a great resource. And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use. Or use it to find and download high- quality how- to Power. Point ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own Power.

Point slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2. D and 3. D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. That's all free as well! But aside from that it's free. We'll even convert your presentations and slide shows into the universal Flash format with all their original multimedia glory, including animation, 2. D and 3. D transition effects, embedded music or other audio, or even video embedded in slides.

All for free. Most of the presentations and slideshows on Power. Show. com are free to view, many are even free to download. There is truly something for everyone! Or use it to find and download high- quality how- to Power. Point ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own Power. Point slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world.

Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2. D and 3. D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. That's all free as well! But aside from that it's free. We'll even convert your presentations and slide shows into the universal Flash format with all their original multimedia glory, including animation, 2.

D and 3. D transition effects, embedded music or other audio, or even video embedded in slides. All for free. Most of the presentations and slideshows on Power. Show. com are free to view, many are even free to download. There is truly something for everyone!

Strategies to Prioritize Software Tests. Risk Based Testing, Strategies for Prioritizing Tests against Deadlines. Hans Schaefer, Software Test Consulting, http: //home. Often all other activities before test execution are delayed. This means testing has to be done under severe pressure. It is out of question to quit the job, nor to delay delivery or to test badly. The real answer is a prioritization strategy in order to do the best possible job with limited resources.

Example root cause analysis report and chart templates (forms) using the Sologic RCA method and Causelink software. Graph Based Testing Methods: Each and every application is build up of some objects. All such objects are identified and graph is prepared. From this object graph.

Which part of the systems requires most attention? There is no unique answer, and decisions about what to test have to be risk- based. There is a relationship between the resources used in testing and the risk after testing. There are possibilities for stepwise release. The general strategy is to test some important functions and features that hopefully can be released, while delaying others. First, one has to test what is most important in the application.

This can be determined by looking at visibility of functions, at frequency of use and at the possible cost of failure. Second, one has to test where the probability of failure is high, i.

This can be determined by identifying especially defect- prone areas in the product. Project history gives some indication, and product measures like complexity give more. Using both, one finds a list of areas to test more or less. After test execution has started and one has found some defects, these defects may be a basis for re- focussing testing. Defects clump together in defect- prone areas. Defects are a symptom of typical trouble the developers had.

Thus, a defect leads to the conclusion that there are more defects nearby, and that there are more defects of the same kind. Thus, during the latter part of test execution, one should focus on areas where defects have been found, and one should generate more tests aimed at the type of defect detected before. Disclaimer: The ideas in this paper are not verified for use with safety critical software.

Some of the ideas may be useful in that area, but due consideration is necessary. The presented ideas mean that the tester is taking risks, and the risks may or may not materialize in the form of serious failures.

Introduction. The scenario is as follows: You are the test manager. How To Activate Wii Remote Plus Motion. You made a plan and a budget for testing.

Your plans were, as far as you know, reasonable and well founded. When the time to execute the tests approaches, the product is not ready, some of your testers are not available, or the budget is just cut. You can argue against these cuts and argue for more time or whatever, but that doesn. You have to do what you can with a smaller budget and time frame.

Resigning is no issue. You have to test the product as well as possible, and you have to make it works reasonably well after release. How to survive? There are several approaches, using different techniques and attacking different aspects of the testing process. All of them aim at finding as many defects as possible, and as serious defects as possible, before product release. Different chapters of this paper show the idea. At the end of the paper, some ideas are given that should help to prevent the pressured scenario mentioned before.

A decision table is a good way to deal with different combination inputs with their associated outputs and also called cause-effect table. Reason to call cause-effect. To know with the basic definitions of software testing and quality assurance this is the best glossary compiled by Erik van Veenendaal. Also for each definition there. Create cause and effect diagrams from templates in minutes, you can also make decision trees, fishbone diagrams and more with SmartDraw.

In this paper we are talking about the higher levels of testing: integration, system and acceptance test. We assume that developers have done some basic level of testing of every program (unit testing). We also assume the programs and their designs have been reviewed in some way.

Still, most of the ideas in this paper are applicable if nothing has been done before you take over as the test manager. It is, however, easier if you know some facts from earlier quality control activities such as design and code reviews and unit testing. The bad game. You are in a bad game with a high probability of loosing: You will loose the game any way, by bad testing, or by requiring more time to test. After doing bad testing you will be the scapegoat for lack of quality. After reasonable testing you will be the guilty in late release. A good scenario illustrating the trouble is the Y2.

K project. Testing may have been done in the last minute, and the deadline was fixed. In most cases, trouble was found during design or testing and system owners were glad that problems were found. In most cases, nothing bad happened after January 1st, 2. In many cases, managers then decided there had been wasted resources for testing. But there are options.

During this paper I will use Y2. K examples to illustrate the major points. How to get out of the game? You need some creative solution, namely you have to change the game. You need to inform management about the impossible task you have, in such a way that they understand. You need to present alternatives. They need a product going out of the door, but they also need to understand the RISK.

One strategy is to find the right quality level. Not all products need to be free of defects.

Not every function needs to work. Sometimes, you have options to do a lot about lowering product quality.

This means you can cut down testing in less important areas. Another strategy is priority: Test should find the most important defects first. Most important means often . These functions can be found by analyzing how every function supports the mission, and checking which functions are critical and which are not.

You can also test more where you expect more defects. Finding the worst areas in the product soon and testing them more will help you find more defects. If you find too many serious problems, management will often be motivated to postpone the release or give you more time and resources. Most of this paper will be about a combination of most important and worst areas priority. A third strategy is making testing cheaper in general.

One major issue here is automation of test execution. But be cautious: Automation can be expensive, especially if you have never done it before or if you do it wrong!

However, experienced companies are able to automate test execution with no overhead compared to manual testing. A fourth strategy is getting someone else to pay. Typically, this someone else is the customer. You release a lousy product and the customer finds the defects for you.

Many companies have applied this. For the customer this game is horrible, as he has no alternative. But it remains to be discussed if this is a good strategy for long term success. You may require the product to fulfill certain entry criteria before you test. Entry criteria can include certain reviews having been done, a minimum level of test coverage in unit testing, and a certain level of reliability. The problem is: you need to have high- level support in order to be able to enforce this. Entry criteria tend to be skipped if the project gets under pressure and organizational maturity is low.

The last strategy is prevention, but that only pays off in the next project, when you, as the test manager, are involved from the project start on. Understanding necessary quality levels.

Software is embedded in the larger, more complex business world. Create Install Disk For Lion. Quality must be considered in that context (8). The relentless pursuit of quality can dramatically improve the technical characteristics of a software product.

In some applications - medical instruments, railway- signaling applications, air- navigation systems, industrial automation, and many defense- related systems - the need to provide a certain level of quality is beyond debate. But is quality really the only or most important framework for strategic decision making in the commercial marketplace?

Quality thinking fails to address many of the fundamental issues that most affect a company's long- term competitive and financial performance. The real issue is which quality will produce the best financial performance. You have to be sure which qualities and functions are important.

Fewer defects do not always mean more profit! You have to research how quality and financial performance interact.