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Web. AIM: Introduction to Web Accessibility. Introduction. Most people today can hardly conceive of life without the internet. Some have argued that no other single invention has been more revolutionary since Gutenberg's printing press in the 1. Now, at the click of a mouse, the world can be . You may not have thought about it that way, but all you have to do is think back to the days before the internet to see why this is so.

For example, before the internet, how did blind people read newspapers? They mostly didn't. Audiotapes or Braille printouts were expensive - a Braille version of the Sunday New York Times would be too bulky to be practical. At best, they could ask a family member or friend to read the newspaper to them.

CHAPTER 1: WHY DEVELOP A POLICY MANUAL? Policy manuals are developed to help staff and management teams run the organization. In best use situations, policies play a.

This method works, but it makes blind people dependent upon others. Most newspapers now publish their content online in a format that has the potential to be read by screen readers used by the blind. These software programs read electronic text out loud so that blind people can use computers and access any text content through the computer.

Suddenly, blind people don't have to rely on other people to read the newspaper to them. They don't have to wait for expensive audio tapes or expensive, bulky Braille printouts. They simply open a web browser and listen as their screen reader reads the newspaper to them, and they do it independently, when they want to, and as soon as the content is published. Similarly, people with motor disabilities who cannot pick up a newspaper or turn its pages can access online newspapers through their computer, using certain assistive technologies that adapt the computer interface to their own disabilities. Sometimes the adaptations are simple, such as having the person place a stick in the mouth and use it to type keyboard commands. In other cases, the adaptations are more sophisticated, as in the use of special keyboards or eye- tracking software that allows people to use a computer with nothing more than eye movements.

People who are deaf may be able to read newspapers on their own, but they can also read online transcripts or captions of online multimedia content. Many people with cognitive disabilities can also benefit greatly from the structure and flexibility of web content.

Falling Short of the Web's Potential. Despite the web's great potential for people with disabilities, this potential is still largely unrealized.

For example, some sites can only be navigated using a mouse, and only a very small percentage of video or multimedia content has been captioned for the Deaf. What if the internet content is only accessible by using a mouse? What do people do if they can't use a mouse? And what if web developers use graphics instead of text?

If screen readers can only read text, how would they read the graphics to people who are blind? As soon as you start asking these types of questions, you begin to see that there are a few potential glitches in the accessibility of the internet to people with disabilities. The internet has the potential to revolutionize disability access to information, but if we're not careful, we can place obstacles along the way that destroy that potential and which leave people with disabilities just as discouraged and dependent upon others as before. People with Disabilities on the Web.

Though estimates vary, most studies find that about one fifth (2. Not all of these people have disabilities that make it difficult for them to access the internet, but it is still a significant portion of the population. Businesses would be unwise to purposely exclude 2. For schools, universities, and government entities it would not only be unwise, but in many cases, it would also violate the law. Each of the major categories of disabilities requires certain types of adaptations in the design of web content.

Most of the time, these adaptations benefit nearly everyone, not just people with disabilities. Almost everyone benefits from helpful illustrations, properly- organized content, and clear navigation. Similarly, while captions are a necessity for deaf users, they can be helpful to others, including anyone who views a video without audio.

Keeping Web Accessibility in Mind. Gain an appreciation of web accessibility by understanding the user perspective.

This 1. 1. 5 minute video provides an overview of the difficulties users with disabilities face on the web and some of the motivations for web accessibility. View transcript. Experiences of Students with Disabilities. The students in the following video share some of their experiences with the web and accessibility. View transcript. Implementing Web Accessibility Before anyone can make their web site accessible, they must understand accessibility, be committed to ensuring accessibility, learn how to implement accessibility, and understand their legal obligations. Commitment and accountability. Awareness. The foundation of any kind of commitment to web accessibility is awareness of the issues.

Most web developers are not opposed to the concept of making the internet accessible to people with disabilities. Most accessibility errors on web sites are the result of lack of awareness, rather than malice or apathy.

Leadership. Understanding the issues is an important first step, but it does not solve the problem, especially in large organizations. If the leadership of an organization does not express commitment to web accessibility, chances are low that the organization's web content will be accessible. Oftentimes, a handful of developers make their own content accessible while the majority don't bother to, since it is not expected of them. Policies and Procedures. Even when leaders express their commitment to an idea, if the idea is not backed up by policy, the idea tends to get lost among the day- to- day routines. The best approach for a large organization is to create an internal policy that outlines specific standards, procedures, and methods for monitoring compliance.

Training and technical support. Sometimes web developers fear that it is more expensive and time- consuming to create accessible web sites than it is to create inaccessible ones.

This fear is largely untrue. The benefits of providing access to a larger population almost always outweigh the time required by a knowledgeable developer to implement that accessibility. A developer can learn the basics of web accessibility in just a few days, but, as with any technical skill, it often takes months to internalize the mind set as well as the techniques. Online resources, such as the Web. AIM articles, resources, email discussion list, monthly newsletter, and blog provide relevant resources for administrators, developers, and designers. There are many professionals that can help your organization ensure high accessibility.

Web. AIM offers onsite training, consulting & technical assistance, accessible site design, and other services. Laws and standards.

If you live in the United States, applicable laws include The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1. Sections 5. 04 and Section 5. Many international laws also address accessibility. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide an international set of guidelines. They are developed by the Worldwide Web Consortium (W3.

C), the governing body of the web. These guidelines are the basis of most web accessibility law in the world. Version 2. 0 of these guidelines, published in December 2. Perceivable: Available to the senses (vision and hearing primarily) either through the browser or through assistive technologies (e. This may help you remember them.

Principles of Accessible Design. Below you will find a list of some key principles of accessible design.

Most accessibility principles can be implemented very easily and will not impact the overall . Custom Embroidered Patches Los Angeles Ca Zip Code. It is especially helpful for people who are blind and rely on a screen reader to have the content of the website read to them. Provide appropriate document structure.