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From Bipolar Disorder For Dummies, 3rd Edition. By Candida Fink, Joe Kraynak. To manage bipolar disorder effectively, you first need to know what it is. The recovery paradigm A model of hope and change for alcohol and drug addiction. Volume 41, No.8, August 2012 Pages 593-597. 316 Abnormal Psychology Psychopathology can happen to anyone and affects many people around them – there is no age, race or group that is immune.

Bipolar Disorder For Dummies Cheat Sheet. From Bipolar Disorder For Dummies, 3rd Edition. By Candida Fink, Joe Kraynak To manage bipolar disorder effectively, you first need to know what it is.

Then you can develop and follow a treatment plan, which usually includes a combination of medication, therapy, self- help, and support from a network of understanding and committed friends and family members. This Cheat Sheet can help you get up to speed on the basics of bipolar disorder in a hurry. What Is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder is a physical illness that affects the brain. A bipolar diagnosis requires at least one episode of mania (wired thinking and behaviors that negatively affect one’s ability to function) or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), and the disorder typically includes episodes of depression that alternate with the mania or hypomania.

Your specific diagnosis depends on your symptoms. Bipolar disorder diagnostic categories. In the United States, doctors refer to the Diagnostic and. Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition(DSM- 5), which provides several different categories for bipolar disorder: Bipolar I: The classic form of bipolar disorder involves clear- cut manic episodes, usually alternating with periods of major depression and euthymic (even- mood) periods. A single manic episode, even without depression, is sufficient for a bipolar I diagnosis. Bipolar II: People with bipolar II experience depressive episodes that alternate with hypomanic episodes. If mania enters the picture, the diagnosis changes to bipolar I.

Cyclothymic disorder: Multiple depressive and hypomanic episodes over the course of at least two years (or one year in children and adolescents) that are severe enough to disrupt life but not extreme enough, in intensity or duration, to warrant a diagnosis of bipolar I or II characterize this form of bipolar. Substance/medication- induced bipolar disorder: Bipolar symptoms can be attributed to intoxication or withdrawal from drugs or alcohol or medication side effects. Bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition: Bipolar symptoms can be attributed to another medical condition, such as hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Other specified bipolar and related disorder: Introduced in DSM- 5, this diagnosis enables doctors to diagnose bipolar disorder when symptoms characteristic of bipolar disorder significantly impair normal function or cause considerable distress, but don’t quite meet the full diagnostic criteria for the other bipolar diagnostic classes.

Unspecified bipolar disorder: This form of bipolar involves variations of cycling moods that resemble manic or depressive episodes and interfere with daily routines but don’t fulfill the complete diagnostic requirements for the other classifications of bipolar disorder in this list. This diagnosis is used instead of other specified bipolar and related disorder when a doctor, for whatever reason, doesn’t want to go into detail about why the criteria for a specific bipolar diagnosis hasn’t been met — for example, in emergency room settings. Bipolar disorder specifiers.

The DSM- 5 provides specifiers that enable doctors to more fully describe the person’s condition: Current or most recent episode: Manic, hypomanic, or depressed. Severity of illness: Mild, moderate, or severe. Presence or absence of psychosis: Delusional thinking, paranoia, or hallucinations that may accompany depression or mania. Course of illness: Active (with or without psychosis), in partial remission, or in full remission.

With anxious distress: If symptoms include anxiety. With mixed features: For example, mania with symptoms of depression, such as guilt, hopelessness, or suicidal thoughts; or depression with symptoms of mania, such as physical agitation and racing thoughts. With rapid cycling: Four or more mood episodes in a 1. With melancholic features: Extreme depression. With atypical features: Symptoms that used to be considered less typical of depression but are now recognized as frequent features of depression. With mood- congruent psychotic features: Hallucinations or delusions that reflect the mood — for example, delusions of grandiosity and power during a manic episode or delusions of guilt and hurting other people during depressed periods. With catatonia: A state of minimal responsiveness to the environment and abnormal movement.

With peripartum onset: The bipolar mood episode occurs any time during pregnancy or in the four weeks after delivery. With seasonal pattern: Mood episodes follow a pattern corresponding to the seasons or specific times of year. Treating the Brain: Bipolar Medications. The primary treatment for bipolar disorder is medication with the goal of restoring normal brain function. Tivo Series 2 Manual Recording. The following classes of medications are often used in treating bipolar disorder and related conditions: Antimanics: Medications that target mania include lithium; certain anticonvulsants, such as valproate (Depakote); and certain newer or atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine (Zyprexa). Antimanics are often referred to as mood stabilizers, even though very few of them — namely, lithium and some of the atypical antipsychotics — reduce symptoms of both mania and depression.

Antidepressants: Medications that target depression include Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), such as paroxetine (Paxil) and fluoxetine (Prozac), and bupropion (Wellbutrin). Antidepressants must be used carefully in bipolar depression because they can be less effective or even trigger manic symptoms in some people. Lithium, the anticonvulsant lamotrigine (Lamictal), and certain atypical antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole (Abilify), also have antidepressant effects, typically without the risks of triggering mania. Antipsychotics: Antipsychotics were originally developed to help treat schizophrenia, but they’re often useful in treating psychosis that sometimes accompanies acute mania or depression. Many of the newer antipsychotics are also used to treat acute mania and bipolar depression, and some are used for treatment- resistant unipolar depression, but they’re still referred to as antipsychotics. Maintenance/prevention medications: These are medications that are continued after an acute mood episode to reduce the likelihood that another mood cycle will occur. Lithium is the most common medicine used for this, but certain anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine (Lamictal) and some atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine (Zyprexa) can be used this way as well.

Antianxiety medications: Antianxiety medications (sometimes called anxiolytics, pronounced ang- zy- oh- lit- ics) include alprazolam (Xanax) and clonazepam (Klonopin). Some medications in this category may also be used as sedatives. Antianxiety medications aren’t used to treat the bipolar disorder itself but to help with the commonly co- occurring symptoms of anxiety or agitation. Sedatives: Because sleeplessness often accompanies mania or depression and may exacerbate it, doctors often prescribe sedatives (sleep aids), such as zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), and zaleplon (Sonata).

These aren’t used to treat bipolar symptoms, but rather to help manage sleep issues that often affect people with bipolar and that can complicate the illness. Other treatments, including light therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r. Ascii Art Generator Crack Chomikuj Muzyka. TMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS), target the biology of the brain. These therapies, like medication, are designed to treat the brain in order to alter thinking, mood, and behavior. Other therapies and self- help strategies, including interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), mindfulness training, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), seek to change thinking, mood, and behavior in order to improve brain function. Maintaining Mood Stability in Bipolar Disorder.