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Temple in Jerusalem - Wikipedia. The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple (Hebrew: . These successive temples stood at this location and functioned as a site of ancient Israelite and later Jewish worship. Etymology. The term hekhal . In rabbinical literature the temple is Beit Ha. Mikdash, . The First Temple was totally destroyed by the Babylonians in 5.

BCE (4. 25 BCE according to historical Jewish sources), when they sacked the city. It was completed 2. Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the Great (1.

March 5. 15 BCE). However, with a full reading of the Book of Ezra and the Book of Nehemiah, there were four edicts to build the Second Temple, which were issued by three kings. Cyrus in 5. 36 BCE, which is recorded in the first chapter of Ezra. Next, Darius I of Persia in 5. Battlefield Bad Company 2 Vietnam Code Cracking. BCE, which is recorded in the sixth chapter of Ezra. Third, Artaxerxes I of Persia in 4. BCE, which was the seventh year of his reign, and is recorded in the seventh chapter of Ezra.

Finally, by Artaxerxes again in 4. BCE in the second chapter of Nehemiah. Moreover, the temple narrowly avoided being destroyed again in 3. BCE when the Jews refused to acknowledge the deification of Alexander the Great of Macedonia. Alexander was allegedly . Further, after the death of Alexander on 1. June 3. 23 BCE, and the dismembering of his empire, the Ptolemies came to rule over Judea and the Temple.

Under the Ptolemies, the Jews were given many civil liberties and lived content under their rule. However, when the Ptolemaic army was defeated at Panium by Antiochus III of the Seleucids in 1. BCE, this policy changed. Antiochus wanted to Hellenize the Jews, attempting to introduce the Greek pantheon into the temple.

Moreover, a rebellion ensued and was brutally crushed, but no further action by Antiochus was taken, and when Antiochus died in 1. BCE at Luristan, his son Seleucus IV Philopator succeeded him. However, his policies never took effect in Judea, since he was assassinated the year after his ascension. Antiochus IV Epiphanes succeeded his older brother to the Seleucid throne and immediately adopted his father's previous policy of universal Hellenisation. The Jews rebelled again and Antiochus, in a rage, retaliated in force.

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Considering the previous episodes of discontent, the Jews became incensed when the religious observances of Sabbath and circumcision were officially outlawed. When Antiochus erected a statue of Zeus in their temple and Hellenic priests began sacrificing pigs (the usual sacrifice offered to the Greek gods in the Hellenic religion), their anger began to spiral. When a Greek official ordered a Jewish priest to perform a Hellenic sacrifice, the priest (Mattathias) killed him. In 1. 67 BCE, the Jews rose up en masse behind Mattathias and his five sons to fight and win their freedom from Seleucid authority. Mattathias' son Judas Maccabaeus, now called . According to folklore he was executed by having molten gold poured down his throat.

When news of this reached the Jews, they revolted again, only to be put down in 4. BCE. Around 2. 0 BCE, the building was renovated and expanded by Herod the Great, and became known as Herod's Temple. It was destroyed by the Romans in 7.

CE during the Siege of Jerusalem. During the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Romans in 1. CE, Simon bar Kokhba and Rabbi Akiva wanted to rebuild the Temple, but bar Kokhba's revolt failed and the Jews were banned from Jerusalem (except for Tisha B'Av) by the Roman Empire.

The emperor Julian allowed to have the Temple rebuilt but the Galilee earthquake of 3. After the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in the 7th century, Umayyad Caliph Abd al- Malik ibn Marwan ordered the construction of an Islamic shrine, the Dome of the Rock, on the site of the Temple. The shrine has stood on the mount since 6. CE; the al- Aqsa Mosque, from roughly the same period, also stands in the Temple courtyard. Recent history. Israel officially unified East Jerusalem, including the Temple Mount, with the rest of Jerusalem in 1.

Jerusalem Law, though United Nations Security Council Resolution 4. Jerusalem Law to be in violation of international law. Pilgrims coming to make sacrifices at the Temple would have entered and exited by this stairway. The Temple of Solomon or First Temple consisted of three main elements: and the Temple building itself, with.

In the case of the last and most elaborate structure, the Herodian Temple, the structure consisted of the wider Temple precinct, the restricted Temple courts, and the Temple building itself: Temple precinct, located on the extended Temple Mount platform, and including the Court of the Gentiles. Court of the Women or Ezrat Ha. Nashim. Court of the Israelites, reserved for ritually pure Jewish men. Court of the Priests, whose relation to the Temple Court is interpreted in different ways by scholars. Temple Court or Azarah, with the Brazen Laver (kiyor), the Altar of Burnt Offerings (mizbe'ah), the Place of Slaughtering, and the Temple building itself. The Temple edifice had three distinct chambers: Temple vestibule or porch (ulam)Temple sanctuary (hekhal or heikal), the main part of the building. Holy of Holies (Kodesh Ha.

Kodashim or debir), the innermost chamber. According to the Talmud, the Women's Court was to the east and the main area of the Temple to the west. An edifice contained the ulam (antechamber), the hekhal (the . The sanctuary and the Holy of Holies were separated by a wall in the First Temple and by two curtains in the Second Temple. The sanctuary contained the seven branched candlestick, the table of showbread and the Incense Altar. The main courtyard had thirteen gates.

On the south side, beginning with the southwest corner, there were four gates: Shaar Ha'Elyon (the Upper Gate)Shaar Ha. Delek (the Kindling Gate), where wood was brought in. Shaar Ha. Bechorot (the Gate of Firstborns), where people with first- born animal offerings entered.

Shaar Ha. Mayim (the Water Gate), where the Water Libation entered on Sukkot/the Feast of Tabernacles. On the north side, beginning with the northwest corner, there were four gates: Shaar Yechonyah (The Gate of Jeconiah), where kings of the Davidic line enter and Jeconiah left for the last time to captivity after being dethroned by the King of Babylon. Shaar Ha. Korban (The gate of the Offering), where priests entered with kodshei kodashim offerings. Shaar Ha. Nashim (The Women's Gate), where women entered into the Azara or main courtyard to perform offerings. On the western wall, which was relatively unimportant, there were two gates that did not have any name. The Mishnah lists concentric circles of holiness surrounding the Temple: Holy of Holies; Sanctuary; Vestibule; Court of the Priests; Court of the Israelites; Court of the Women; Temple Mount; the walled city of Jerusalem; all the walled cities of the Land of Israel; and the borders of the Land of Israel. Temple services. Levites recited Psalms at appropriate moments during the offerings, including the Psalm of the Day, special psalms for the new month, and other occasions, the Hallel during major Jewish holidays, and psalms for special sacrifices such as the .

The Mishna describes it as follows: The superintendent said to them, bless one benediction! They pronounced three benedictions with the people present: . Blessed is He who receives the service of His people Israel with favor?

Because the three cardinal sins were rampant in society: idol worship, licentiousness, and murder? Because gratuitous hatred was rampant in society. This teaches you that gratuitous hatred is equal in severity to the three cardinal sins: idol worship, licentiousness, and murder. In addition, the Amidah prayer traditionally replaces the Temple's daily tamid and special- occasion Mussaf (additional) offerings (there are separate versions for the different types of sacrifices). They are recited during the times their corresponding offerings were performed in the Temple. The Temple is mentioned extensively in Orthodoxservices.