It includes a large class library named Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages. Programs written for .

NET Framework execute in a software environment (in contrast to a hardware environment) named Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. Programmers produce software by combining their source code with .

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NET Framework and other libraries. The framework is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. Microsoft also produces an integrated development environment largely for .

NET software called Visual Studio. NET Framework began as proprietary software, although the firm worked to standardize the software stack almost immediately, even before its first release. Despite the standardization efforts, developers, mainly those in the free and open- source software communities, expressed their unease with the selected terms and the prospects of any free and open- source implementation, especially regarding software patents. Since then, Microsoft has changed . NET development to more closely follow a contemporary model of a community- developed software project, including issuing an update to its patent promising to address the concerns. NET Framework led to a family of . NET platforms targeting mobile computing, embedded devices, alternative operating systems, and web browser plug- ins.

A reduced version of the framework, . NET Compact Framework, is available on Windows CE platforms, including Windows Mobile devices such as smartphones. Silverlight was available as a web browser plugin. Mono is available for many operating systems and is customized into popular smartphone operating systems (Android and i. OS) and game engines.

By late 2. 00. 0, the first beta versions of . NET 1. 0 were released. In August 2. 00. 0, Microsoft, Hewlett- Packard, and Intel worked to standardize Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) and C#. By December 2. 00. Ecma International (ECMA) standards. The current version of ISO standards are ISO- IEC 2.

ISO/IEC 2. 32. 70: 2. The firms agreed to meet these terms, and to make the patents available royalty- free.

However, this did not apply for the part of . NET Framework not covered by ECMA- ISO standards, which included Windows Forms, ADO. NET, and ASP. NET.

Patents that Microsoft holds in these areas may have deterred non- Microsoft implementations of the full framework. Scott Guthrie of Microsoft promised that LINQ, WCF, and WF libraries were being added. Miguel de Icaza describes .

NET Core as a . At the time of the announcement, the initial release of the . NET Core project had been seeded with a subset of the libraries' source code and coincided with the relicensing of Microsoft's existing . NET reference source away from the restrictions of the Ms- RSL.

Landwerth acknowledged the disadvantages of the formerly selected shared source license, explaining that it made codename Rotor . Prior projects like Mono existed in a legal grey area because Microsoft's earlier grants applied only to the technology in . The new patent promise, however, places no ceiling on the specification version, and even extends to any . NET runtime technologies documented on MSDN that have not been formally specified by the ECMA group, if a project chooses to implement them. This allows Mono and other projects to maintain feature parity with modern . NET features that have been introduced since the 4th edition was published without being at risk of patent litigation over the implementation of those features.

The new grant does maintain the restriction that any implementation must maintain minimum compliance with the mandatory parts of the CLI specification. These developments followed the acquisition of Xamarin, which began in February 2. March 2. 01. 6. However, Microsoft does not plan to release the source for WPF or Windows Forms. Installation CDs for the Home editions and the Professional editions of Windows XP SP1, SP2 or SP3 comes with . NET Framework installation packages. It must be installed either from a Windows installation media or from the Internet on demand. Control Panel always attempts the latter.

By implementing the core aspects of . NET Framework within the scope of CLI, these functions will not be tied to one language but will be available across the many languages supported by the framework. Microsoft's implementation of CLI is Common Language Runtime (CLR). It serves as the execution engine of . NET Framework. All . NET programs execute under the supervision of CLR, guaranteeing many properties and behaviors in the areas of memory management, security, and exception handling.

For computer programs to run on CLI, they need to be compiled into Common Intermediate Language (CIL) – as opposed to being compiled into machine code. Upon execution, an architecture- specific just- in- time compiler (JIT) turns the CIL code into machine code. To improve performance, however, .

NET Framework comes with Native Image Generator (NGEN), which performs ahead- of- time compilation. Assemblies. As mandated by the specification, assemblies are stored in Portable Executable (PE) file format, common on Windows platform for all dynamic- link library (DLL) and executable. EXE files. Each assembly consists of one or more files, one of which must contain a manifest bearing the metadata for the assembly. Synth Sounds For Garageband Ipad Youtube. The complete name of an assembly (not to be confused with the file name on disk) contains its simple text name, version number, culture, and public key token. Assemblies are considered equivalent if they share the same complete name.

A private key can also be used by the creator of the assembly for strong naming. The public key token identifies which private key an assembly is signed with. Only the creator of the keypair (typically .

NET developer signing the assembly) can sign assemblies that have the same strong name as a prior version assembly, since the creator possesses the private key. Strong naming is required to add assemblies to Global Assembly Cache. Class library. The class library is organized in a hierarchy of namespaces. Most of the built- in application programming interfaces (APIs) are part of either System.* or Microsoft.* namespaces.

These class libraries implement many common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation. The class libraries are available for all CLI compliant languages. The class library is divided into two parts (with no clear boundary): Base Class Library (BCL) and Framework Class Library (FCL). BCL includes a small subset of the entire class library and is the core set of classes that serve as the basic API of CLR. BCL classes are available in .

NET Framework as well as its alternative implementations including . NET Compact Framework, Microsoft Silverlight, . NET Core and Mono.

FCL is a superset of BCL and refers to the entire class library that ships with . NET Framework. It includes an expanded set of libraries, including the Windows Forms, ASP. NET, and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) but also extensions to the base class libraries ADO.

NET, Language Integrated Query (LINQ), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), and Workflow Foundation (WF). FCL is much larger in scope than standard libraries for languages like C++, and comparable in scope to standard libraries of Java.

With the introduction of alternative implementations (e. Silverlight), Microsoft introduced the concept of Portable Class Libraries (PCL) allowing a consuming library to run on more than one platform. With the further proliferation of . NET platforms, the PCL approach failed to scale (PCLs are defined intersections of API surface between two or more platforms).